Dorothy Dandridge, First Oscar-Nominated Black Actress

Dorothy Dandridge (Nov. 9, 1922–Sept. 8, 1965) had everything it took to succeed in 1950s Hollywood—she could sing, dance, and act, and was beautiful—but she was born black. Despite the biased era in which she lived, Dandridge became the first black woman to grace the cover of Life magazine and to receive an Academy Award nomination for best actress in a major motion picture. Fast Facts: Dorothy Dandridge ï » ¿Known For: Groundbreaking black actor, singer, dancerBorn: Nov. 9, 1922 in Cleveland, OhioParents: Ruby and Cyril DandridgeDied: Sept. 8, 1965 in Hollywood, CaliforniaAwards and Honors: Academy Award nomination, Golden GlobeSpouse(s): Harold Nicholas, Jack DenisonChildren: LynnNotable Quote: If I were white, I could capture the world. Early Life When Dorothy Dandridge was born in Cleveland, Ohio, on Nov. 9, 1922, her parents had already separated. Dorothy’s mother, Ruby Dandridge, was five months pregnant when she left her husband Cyril, taking their older daughter Vivian with her.  Ruby believed her husband was a spoiled mamas boy who would never leave his mother’s house, so she left. Ruby supported her daughters with domestic work. Dorothy and Vivian displayed an early talent for singing and dancing and began performing at local theaters and churches when Dorothy was 5. Ruby’s friend Geneva Williams, moved in, and although she taught the girls to play the piano, she pushed them hard and cruelly punished them. Ruby never noticed. Years later, Vivian and Dorothy figured out that Williams was their mothers lover. She and Williams labeled Dorothy and Vivian The Wonder Children. They moved to Nashville, and Dorothy and Vivian signed with the National Baptist Convention to tour churches throughout the South. The Wonder Children toured for three years, attracting regular bookings and earning a solid income, but Dorothy and Vivian wearied of the act and long hours practicing. They had no time for activities normal for youngsters their age. Lucky Breaks The Great Depression dried up bookings, so Ruby moved them to Hollywood. where Dorothy and Vivian enrolled in dance classes. When Ruby heard the girls and a dance school friend sing together, she knew they were a great team. Now known as The Dandridge Sisters, their big break came in 1935 when they appeared in the Paramount musical The Big Broadcast of 1936. In 1937, they had a small part in the Marx Brothers film A Day at the Races. In 1938 the trio appeared in Going Places, performing Jeepers Creepers with Louis Armstrong, and was booked at New Yorks Cotton Club.  Williams and the girls moved there, but her mother, having found small acting jobs, stayed in Hollywood. In Cotton Club rehearsals, Dorothy met Harold Nicholas of the Nicholas Brothers dance team and they began dating. The Dandridge Sisters were a hit and attracted lucrative offers. Perhaps to get Dorothy away from Nicholas, Williams signed them for a European tour. They dazzled European audiences, but the tour was shortened by World War II. The Dandridge Sisters returned to Hollywood, where the Nicholas Brothers were filming. Dorothy resumed her romance with Nicholas. The Dandridge Sisters performed a few more engagements but eventually split up. Dorothy then began to work on a solo career. Hard Lessons Hoping to succeed without help from her mother or Williams, Dandridge landed small parts in low-budget films, including Four Shall Die (1940), Lady From Louisiana (1941), and Sundown (1941), and sang and danced with the Nicholas Brothers to Chattanooga Choo Choo† in Sun Valley Serenade (1941) with the Glenn Miller Band. Dandridge refused demeaning roles offered to black actors—savages, slaves, or servants—but the sisters worked steadily. They both married in 1942, with 19-year-old Dorothy Dandridge wedding 21-year-old Nicholas on Sept. 6. After a life of hard work, all she wanted was to be the ideal wife. Nicholas started taking long trips, however, and when he was home he spent his time playing golf or philandering. Dandridge blamed her sexual inexperience for Nicholass infidelity. When she happily discovered she was pregnant, she believed Nicholas would settle down. Dandridge, 20, delivered a lovely daughter, Harolyn (Lynn) Suzanne Dandridge, on Sept. 2, 1943. She was a loving mother, but as Lynn grew, Dandridge sensed something was wrong. Her hyper 2-year-old cried constantly and didnt interact with people. Lynn was deemed developmentally disabled, likely due to lack of oxygen during birth. During this troublesome period, Nicholas was often physically and emotionally unavailable. In 1949, she obtained a divorce, but Nicholas avoided paying child support. Now a single mother, Dandridge reached out to her mother and Williams to care for Lynn until she could stabilize her career. Club Scene Dandridge loathed nightclub performing but knew an immediate, substantial movie role was unlikely. She contacted an arranger she had worked with at the Cotton Club, who helped her become a sultry, dazzling performer. She was mostly well received but learned that racism in many places, including Las Vegas, was as bad as in the Deep South. Being black, she couldnt share a bathroom, lobby, elevator, or swimming pool with whites. Even when she was headlining, her dressing room was usually a janitors closet or dingy storage room. But critics raved about her performances. She opened at the famed Mocambo Club in Hollywood and was booked in New York, becoming the first African-American to stay in and perform at the Waldorf Astoria. Club dates gave Dandridge publicity to land film work. Bit parts flowed in, but Dandridge had to compromise her standards, agreeing in 1950 to play a jungle queen in Tarzan’s Peril. Finally, in August 1952, Dandridge got the lead in MGMs Bright Road, an all-black production about a Southern schoolteacher. She was ecstatic about her role, the first of three film appearances she made with Harry Belafonte—who eventually became a close friend. Stardom Good reviews earned an even greater prize. The lead in the 1954 movie Carmen Jones, based on the opera Carmen, called for a sultry vixen. Dandridge was neither. Director Otto Preminger reportedly thought she was too classy to play Carmen. Dandridge donned a wig, a low-cut blouse, a seductive skirt, and heavy make-up. When she entered Premingers office the next day, he reportedly yelled, Its Carmen! Carmen Jones opened on Oct. 28, 1954, and was a smash. Dandridges performance made her the first black woman on the cover of Life magazine. Then she learned of her Academy Award nomination for best actress. No other African-American had earned that distinction. After 30 years in show business, Dorothy Dandridge was a star. At the Academy Award ceremony on March 30, 1955, Dandridge shared the nomination with Grace Kelly, Audrey Hepburn, Jane Wyman, and Judy Garland. Though Kelly won for her role in The Country Girl, Dandridge at 32 had broken through Hollywoods glass ceiling. Tough Decisions While Carmen Jones was filming, Dandridge began an affair with Preminger, who was separated but still married. In 1950s America, interracial romance was taboo, and Preminger was careful to show only a business interest in her publicly. In 1956, she was offered the supporting role of slave girl Tuptim in The King and I, but Preminger advised against it. She regretted turning it down when The King and I became enormously successful. Dandridges relationship with Preminger soon soured. She was pregnant, but he refused to get a divorce. He broke off their relationship and Dandridge had an abortion to avoid scandal. Afterward, Dandridge was seen with many white co-stars. Anger over her dating â€Å"out of her race† flooded the media. In 1957, a tabloid reported on a tryst between her and a Lake Tahoe man.  Dandridge testified in court that such a liaison was impossible because a curfew for people of color confined her to her room. She won a $10,000 settlement. Bad Choices Two years after Carmen Jones, Dandridge returned to acting. Fox cast her alongside Belafonte in Island in the Sun, a controversial movie dealing with interracial relationships. She protested the dispassionate love scene with her white co-star, but the producers were nervous. The film was successful but deemed nonessential by critics. Dandridge was frustrated. She couldnt find opportunities to showcase her talents and her career lost momentum. While the United States pondered race issues, Dandridges manager Earl Mills secured a role for her in the French film Tamango. The movie, which portrayed her in steamy love scenes with blond co-star Curd Jurgens, was a hit in Europe but wasnt shown in America until four years later. In 1958, Dandridge was chosen to play a native girl in The Decks Ran Red. Like Tamango, it was considered unremarkable. Dandridge was desperate, so when she was offered the lead in a major production of Porgy and Bess in 1959, she jumped at it. The characters were stereotypes—drunks, drug addicts, rapists, and other undesirables—that she had avoided her entire career, yet she was tormented by her refusal to appear in The King and I. Against the advice of Belafonte, who turned down Porgy, Dandridge accepted the role of Bess. Her performance won a Golden Globe, but the film didnt live up to the hype.   Hitting Bottom Dandridge married restaurant owner Jack Denison on June 22, 1959. Dandridge loved his attention, but his restaurant was failing, so she agreed to perform there to attract business. Mills, now her former manager, warned against it, but she listened to Denison. Dandridge soon discovered that Denison was physically abusive. Adding insult to injury, an investment she had made turned out to be a scam. Dandridge was broke. She began drinking heavily while taking anti-depressants. She finally kicked Denison out of her Hollywood Hills home and filed for divorce in November 1962. Dandridge, who earned $250,000 the year she married Denison, filed for bankruptcy after losing everything. Things got worse. She hadnt paid her daughters caretaker for two months, so she was caring for Lynn, now 20, violent, and unmanageable. No longer able to afford private care, she had to commit Lynn to the state mental hospital. Increasingly desperate, Dandridge contacted Mills, who agreed to manage her again and help her regain her health. He got her into a health spa in Mexico and planned several nightclub engagements there. By most accounts, Dandridge was coming back strong, receiving enthusiastic responses for the Mexican performances. She was scheduled for a New York engagement but fractured her foot on a flight of stairs while in Mexico. The doctor recommended having a cast placed on her foot. Death On the morning of Sept. 8, 1965, back in Hollywood, Dandridge asked Mills to reschedule the appointment for her cast so she could get more sleep. When he went to pick her up that afternoon, he found her on the bathroom floor, dead at age 42. Her death was initially attributed to a blood clot from her fractured foot, but an autopsy revealed a lethal dose of the anti-depressant Tofranil. Whether the overdose was accidental or intentional remains unknown. Legacy Dandridges last wishes, left in a note given to Mills months before her death, were for all her belongings to go to her mother. Despite her Life magazine cover, her Oscar nomination, her Golden Globe, and her extensive body of work, only $2.14 remained in her bank account after her death. Sources Dorothy Dandridge: American Singer and Actress. Encyclopedia Britannica.Dorothy Dandridge Biography. Biography.com.

Essay on Biblical Foundations - 1389 Words

Biblical Foundations Dana Conley 21623092 Liberty University 1/21/2012 Biblical Foundations Curriculum development is establishing a plan of what a school is going to teach during a school year. The time frame of the curriculum can vary from a quarter to a semester to even being taught the entire school year. Wayne (2010) suggests that each individual’s personal biblical worldview impacts each person in their beliefs and opinions about curriculum development differently. The stance taken by this individual is that of trying to see things in the manner that God would want. God is all knowing and being all knowing, He knows what is best in all things at all times. The Bible says: â€Å"For by†¦show more content†¦The Bible also says: â€Å"†¦Everything is possible for him who believes† (Mark 9:23). Teachers are some of the most innovative and creative people. Christian teachers are to use this to their benefit. The God we serve is the one and only living God and through him, all things are possible. This makes the possibilities of being a good Christian role model limitless. The role of the learner today should be one of wanting to learn. Teachers can encourage this by using student-centered learning according to Blumberg (2008). This can be a very powerful way of getting the learner to want to learn. Student-centered learning does not have to be the entire focus of the class. The focus here could be put into place after the teacher has instructed the students. In a ninety minute class, the teacher is more than able to instruct the students, and then put them in student-centered learning. This helps the learner to focus on what they have learned and not on what the teacher is teaching according to Blumberg (2008). The approach here helps the learner to focus on what they need to be doing and less time on what is going on around them. 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Service Marketing for Eco Lodge or Eco Hotels - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theService Marketingfor Eco Lodge or Eco Hotels. Answer: Introduction Eco lodge or eco hotels are the place of accommodation for the tourists that is made to minimise the impact on the local environment of a tourist destination. The main purpose of the eco loges are to ensure that all the guest and tourist are able to leave in a healthy and comfortable environment that is eco-friendly. Generally the hotels which are present in the Jungle or forest regions originally described as equal Lodges as they use environment friendly techniques to build the overall structure of the hotel. The current report aims to analyse the market of Spicy Villa which one of the popular equalizers located in Thailand. The target market for the Eco lodge along with the risk that are involved in the business process and marketing mix elements are provided in this report. Finally proper mode of recommendations are also mentioned within this report that helps in the mode of recovery and business policies of better marketing with the Eco lodge that will help in the overall process of improvement if business. Target Market Description and Segmentation Criteria According to Kotler et al., (2015), the segmentation of market is an important step in the overall business policy that help organisation to divide the population of a region and also identify the potential customer groups based on the type of service and product they are offering. The spicy Villa Eco lodge also needs to identify the potential customers in order to provide better quality service in their business. As more number of people is becoming aware about the importance of protecting the environment, the target market for the Eco lodges like the Spicy Villa is increasing that in turn will provide good and healthy business opportunity. Thailand is considered to be one of the most popular tourist destinations for all across the people in the world. There is no age barrier in the customer groups as all types of tourist visit in the Jungle areas of Thailand. However due to the fact that it is highly expensive to maintain the Eco Lodges it is only possible for the economically higher section of the society to afford the price of staying in spicy Villa (Baker et al., 2014). Hence, the target market for the organisation includes only the richer section of the society. As the Eco Lodges extract the environment friendly tourist it is important for the management of Spicy Villa to target customers with high level of environment consciousness. The forest areas are perfect for the tourists, who visit in large groups. Hence it is important for the spicy Villa Eco lodge to mainly target families with large number of members. The spicy Villa can also target the tourists who are employed in various environment departments and forest departments which will help them to attract the interest among the nature lovers. Hence, with the overall criteria of market segmentation, it is possible for the Spicy Villa to increase the range of their business and also increase their popularity among all the potential customers. Key Types of Perceived Risks Fernandez and Garcia (2016), have mentioned the importance of the proper risk assessment techniques that is an important part of all the business process. There are various types of risks that can be encountered by a business organization and hence it is important for them to identify during the time of marketing plan that will help them to reduce the adverse effect associated with it. In case of business of an eco-lodge there are high risk that are involved due to the fact that guest can misuse the quality of service. From the perspective of business, it is important for the management of Spicy Villa to properly identify the cause of the risk that can damage their reputation in the market. The main strength of business of an eco-lodge is the healthy and environment friendly atmosphere that is being provided the guest. However it is also important to note that high level of maintenance is required in order to ensure that no harm is being done to the environment. There are high amount of risk of environmental degradation that can occur due to the construction work of the Eco lodge. Hence, in those cases, it is not possible for the customers to experience the high quality of eco-friendly service that is an important part of the customer attraction for all the eco lodges. The health level of the customers can also be compromised as there can be the risk of infectious disease that can be spread from various parasites of the forest areas. There also the risks of damaging the local biodiversity, which is also one the main attractive point of visit for all the customers. Marketing Mix Elements The elements of the market mix are considered to be one of the most important parts of the marketing plan of a business organization. The 4Ps elements are the key components that help in the overall process of dealing with the needs of the customer and also provide them with collect information related to the features of product and service. Product: the product or service is a primary element of marketing mix that helps to satisfy the needs of the customer. In case of Spicy Villa the service that is provided is of Eco lodge and eco-friendly tourism. This type of service will help to attract all the natural ever tourist and environment conscious people. Price: the pricing of the service or product that is being sold by a business organisation is an important part of the marketing policy that can help to attract all the potential customers (Huang Sarigll, 2014). Hot spicy Villa it is important for them to keep the pricing of the service in the higher category so that they do not have to compromise on the quality of service and also providing healthy environment to the entire tourist. Moreover high amount of cost is required in order to maintain the environment friendly atmosphere and also ensure that minimum amount of harm is being done in the local forest ecosystem. Place: The place of the business is also an important aspect of marketing plan which can help an organisation to develop their plan according to the needs of the people of a local region (Rahmani et al., 2015). The spicy Villa Resort is located in one of the most popular tourist destination of Thailand and hence it is possible for them to attract all the people from all around the globe. The location of the resort can also easily be availed from all the major airports of Thailand. Promotion: the policy is related to promotion of the hotel service is also an important aspect of marketing for spicy Villa that helps them to raise their popularity among the nature and environment lover people. Proper way of promotional campaign with the help of digital and social media marketing can effectively use by spicy Villa in order to increase their brand awareness among all potential customers. It is also important for them to create community in order to spread the information about the importance of protecting environment while visiting a popular tourist destination. Recommendations It is important for all business organisations to properly evaluate the risks that are involved in the overall process of business with the help of properties assessment techniques and also predicting the future condition of business (Leonidou et al., 2016). Hence it is important for the spicy Villa to ensure that all the risk of environmental Degradation that is related with construction work of resort is minimised. The management of the resort also needs to consult with the environment department of Thailand in order to make proper planning and evaluation techniques. It is also important in this context for the Eco space Resort to get proper permission from the environment department and also ensure that they use on eco-friendly materials in the construction work and also in providing various Services within the hotel (Chen Tung, 2016). There are also many waste products that are involved with the overall activities in the hotel. Hence, in this context it is important for the spicy Villa to have proper waste management techniques that will ensure that all the harmful waste are not directly exposed in the environment that can have the risk of degrading the local ecosystem. It is also important for the hotel management to raise the level of awareness among all the guests, which will ensure that they do not misuse the quality of service. Reflection As more number of people is becoming conscious about the harmful effect of Environment Degradation the business of Eco Friendly tourism and eco-lodges have excellent business opportunity in the recent times. However I think it is also important for this service industry to understand the need of Environmental Protection and also raise the awareness among the people. In my opinion the business plan and marketing evaluation techniques that are used by the eco-friendly tourism department is an important part to attract all potential target customers. Reference Baker, M. A., Davis, E. A., Weaver, P. A. (2014). Eco-friendly attitudes, barriers to participation, and differences in behavior at green hotels. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 55(1), 89-99. Chen, M. F., Tung, P. J. (2014). Developing an extended theory of planned behavior model to predict consumers intention to visit green hotels. International journal of hospitality management, 36, 221-230. Fernandez, A., Garcia, D. F. (2016, August). Complex vs. simple asset modeling approaches for information security risk assessment: Evaluation with MAGERIT methodology. In Innovative Computing Technology (INTECH), 2016 Sixth International Conference on (pp. 542-549). IEEE. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. In Fashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors (pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Kotler, P., Keller, K. L., Manceau, D., Hmonnet-Goujot, A. (2015). Marketing management (Vol. 14). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Leonidou, L. C., Christodoulides, P., Thwaites, D. (2016). External Determinants and Financial Outcomes of an Eco?friendly Orientation in Smaller Manufacturing Firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 54(1), 5-25. Rahmani, K., Emamisaleh, K., Yadegari, R. (2015). Quality Function Deployment and New Product Development with a focus on Marketing Mix 4P mode